Kugadzirwa kwemapurasitiki kunogona kuteverwa kumashure kusvika pakati pegore rechi19. Panguva iyoyo, kuti vagutse zvinodiwa neindasitiri yemachira yaibudirira muUK, masayendisiti emakemikari aisanganisa makemikari akasiyana, vachitarisira kugadzira bleach nedhayi. Masayendisiti emakemikari anonyanya kufarira tara yemarasha, inova marara akaita securd akasanganiswa mumachimini emufekitori anofambiswa negasi rechisikigo.

William Henry Platinum, mubatsiri wemurabhoritari paRoyal Institute of Chemistry muLondon, aive mumwe wevanhu vakaita bvunzo iyi. Rimwe zuva, platinum payaipukuta ma reagents emakemikari akadururwa pabhenji murabhoritari, zvakaonekwa kuti jira racho rakapendwa kuita lavender yaisawanzoonekwa panguva iyoyo. Kuwanikwa uku netsaona kwakaita kuti platinum ipinde muindasitiri yekudhaya uye pakupedzisira yakava miriyoni.
Kunyangwe kuwanikwa kweplatinum kusiri kwepurasitiki, kuwanikwa uku netsaona kwakakosha zvikuru nekuti kunoratidza kuti mishonga yakagadzirwa nevanhu inogona kuwanikwa nekudzora zvinhu zvakasikwa zvechisikigo. Vagadziri vakaona kuti zvinhu zvakawanda zvechisikigo zvakaita sehuni, amber, rabha, uye girazi hazviwanzo kuwanikwa kana kuti zvinodhura zvakanyanya kana kuti hazvina kukodzera kugadzirwa zvakanyanya nekuti zvinodhura zvakanyanya kana kuti hazvina kuchinjika zvakakwana. Zvinhu zvekugadzira zvinhu zvinotsiva zvakanaka. Zvinogona kuchinja chimiro kana zvichipisa uye zvichimanikidzwa, uye zvinogonawo kuchengetedza chimiro mushure mekutonhora.
Colin Williamson, muvambi weLondon Society for the History of Plastics, akati: "Panguva iyoyo, vanhu vaitarisana nekutsvaga imwe nzira yakachipa uye iri nyore kuchinja."
Mushure meplatinum, mumwe murume wekuEngland, Alexander Parks, akasanganisa chloroform nemafuta emuchindwe kuti awane chinhu chakaoma semhara dzemhuka. Iyi ndiyo yaive purasitiki yekutanga yekugadzira. Mapaki anotarisira kushandisa iyi purasitiki yakagadzirwa nevanhu kutsiva rabha isingakwanise kushandiswa zvakanyanya nekuda kwemari yekudyara, kukohwa, uye kugadzirisa.
MuNew York, John Wesley Hyatt, mupfuri wesimbi, akaedza kugadzira mabhora ebhiriyadhi nezvinhu zvekugadzira panzvimbo pemabhora ebhiriyadhi akagadzirwa nenyanga dzenzou. Kunyangwe asina kugadzirisa dambudziko iri, akawana kuti nekusanganisa camphor nehuwandu hwakati hwechinhu chinonyungudutsa, chinhu chinogona kuchinja chimiro mushure mekudziya chinogona kuwanikwa. Hyatt anodana chinhu ichi kuti celluloid. Rudzi rutsva rwepurasitiki urwu rune hunhu hwekugadzirwa kwakawanda nemichina nevashandi vasina hunyanzvi. Runounza kuindasitiri yemafirimu chinhu chakasimba uye chinochinjika chinopenya chinogona kuratidza mifananidzo pamadziro.
Celluloid yakasimudzirawo kukura kweindasitiri yezvinyorwa zvepamba, uye pakupedzisira yakatsiva zvinyorwa zvepakutanga zvecylindrical. Mapurasitiki akazotevera anogona kushandiswa kugadzira zvinyorwa zvevinyl nematepi emakaseti; pakupedzisira, polycarbonate inoshandiswa kugadzira macompact disc.
Celluloid inoita kuti kutora mifananidzo kuve chiitiko chine musika wakakura. George Eastman asati agadzira celluloid, kutora mifananidzo kwaive chinhu chinodhura uye chinonetsa nekuti mutori wemifananidzo aifanira kugadzira firimu iye pachake. Eastman akauya nepfungwa itsva: mutengi akatumira firimu rapera kuchitoro chaakavhura, uye ndiye akagadzira firimu remutengi. Celluloid chinhu chekutanga chinopenya chinogona kugadzirwa kuita jira rakatetepa uye chinogona kupetwa kuita kamera.
Panguva iyi, Eastman akasangana nemutorwa wechidiki wekuBelgium, Leo Beckeland. Baekeland akawana mhando yepepa rekudhinda rinonyanya kunzwisiswa nechiedza. Eastman akatenga chigadzirwa chaBeckland nemadhora ekuAmerica zviuru mazana manomwe nemakumi mashanu (akaenzana nemadhora ekuAmerica emamiriyoni maviri nehafu aripo). Nemari iripo, Baekeland yakavaka rabhoritari. Uye muna 1907 akagadzira purasitiki yephenolic.
Zvinhu zvitsva izvi zvabudirira zvikuru. Zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa nepurasitiki yephenolic zvinosanganisira nharembozha, tambo dzakadzivirirwa ne insulation, mabhatani, ma propeller endege, uye ma billiard balls emhando yepamusoro.
Kambani yeParker Pen inogadzira mapeni akasiyana-siyana emvura kubva mupurasitiki yephenolic. Kuti iratidze kusimba kwepurasitiki yephenolic, kambani iyi yakaratidza pachena kune veruzhinji ndokuburitsa peni kubva muzvivakwa zvirefu. Magazini ye "Time" yakatsaurira nyaya yekuvhara kuti isunungure muvambi wepurasitiki yephenolic nezvinhu izvi zvinogona "kushandiswa kanopfuura zviuru"
Makore mashoma gare gare, rabhoritari yaDuPont yakaitawo imwe tsvakiridzo netsaona: yakagadzira nayiloni, chigadzirwa chinonzi siriki yekugadzira. Muna 1930, Wallace Carothers, musayendisiti aishanda murabhoritari yeDuPont, akanyudza girazi rinopisa muchinhu chakareba che organic uye akawana chinhu chinonamira zvakanyanya. Kunyangwe mbatya dzakagadzirwa nayiloni yekutanga dzakanyunguduka pasi pekupisa kwakanyanya kwesimbi, muvambi wayo Carothers akaramba achiita tsvakiridzo. Makore angangoita masere gare gare, DuPont yakaunza nayiloni.
Nylon yave kushandiswa zvakanyanya mumunda, maparachuti netambo dzeshangu zvese zvakagadzirwa nenylon. Asi vakadzi vanoshandisa nayiloni zvikuru. Musi wa15 Chivabvu 1940, vakadzi vekuAmerica vakatengesa masokisi enylon anosvika mamiriyoni mashanu akagadzirwa neDuPont. Masokisi enylon haasi kuwanikwa, uye vamwe vemabhizinesi vakatanga kuita kunge masokisi enylon.
Asi nyaya yekubudirira kwenylon ine magumo anorwadza: muvambi wayo, Carothers, akazviuraya nekutora cyanide. Steven Finnichell, munyori webhuku rinonzi "Plastic", akati: "Ndakawana pfungwa iyi mushure mekuverenga dhayari raCarothers: Carothers akati zvinhu zvaakagadzira zvaishandiswa kugadzira zvipfeko zvevakadzi. Masokisi akanzwa kusuruvara zvikuru. Aive nyanzvi, izvo zvakamuita kuti anzwe asingatsungiririki." Ainzwa kuti vanhu vaizofunga kuti kubudirira kwake kukuru kwaive kungova kugadzira "chigadzirwa chekutengeserana chakajairika."
Kunyange hazvo DuPont yaifadzwa nekugadzirwa kwayo kwaidiwa nevanhu vakawanda, maBritish akawana mashandisirwo akawanda epurasitiki mumauto munguva yehondo. Kuwanikwa uku kwakaitwa netsaona. Masayendisiti murabhoritari yeRoyal Chemical Industry Corporation yeUnited Kingdom vaiita kuyedza kusina chekuita neizvi, uye vakawana kuti paive nechinhu chichena chine wakisi pasi pechubhu yekuyedza. Mushure mekuyedzwa kwerabhoritari, zvakaonekwa kuti chinhu ichi chinhu chakanaka kwazvo chinodzivirira kupisa. Hunhu hwacho hwakasiyana negirazi, uye mafungu eradar anogona kupfuura nepakati pacho. Masayendisiti anodana polyethylene, uye anoishandisa kuvaka imba yezviteshi zveradar kuti zvibate mhepo nemvura, kuitira kuti radar ikwanise kubata ndege dzevavengi pasi pemvura uye mhute yakakora.
Williamson weSociety for the History of Plastics akati: “Pane zvinhu zviviri zvinotungamira pakugadzirwa kwemapurasitiki. Chimwe chikonzero chishuwo chekuwana mari, uye chimwe chikonzero ihondo.” Zvisinei, makumi emakore akatevera ndiwo akaita kuti mapurasitiki ave Finney zvechokwadi. Chell akaadana chiratidzo che "zana remakore rezvinhu zvakagadzirwa." Muma1950, midziyo yekudya yakagadzirwa nepurasitiki, majagi, mabhokisi esipo nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemumba zvakaonekwa; muma1960, zvigaro zvinofefeterwa nemhepo zvakaonekwa. Muma1970, nyanzvi dzezvakatipoteredza dzakataura kuti mapurasitiki haagone kuora ega. Kufarira kwevanhu zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki kwaderera.
Zvisinei, muma1980 nema1990, nekuda kwekudiwa kukuru kwepurasitiki mumaindasitiri ekugadzira mota nemakomputa, mapurasitiki akawedzera kusimbisa chinzvimbo chavo. Hazvigoneki kuramba chinhu ichi chakajairika. Makore makumi mashanu apfuura, pasi rose raingogona kugadzira makumi ezviuru zvematani epurasitiki gore rega rega; nhasi, kugadzirwa kwepurasitiki pasi rose pagore kunodarika matani mamiriyoni zana. Kugadzirwa kwepurasitiki pagore muUnited States kunodarika kugadzirwa kwesimbi, aruminiyamu nemhangura pamwe chete.
Mapurasitiki matsvazvinhu zvitsva zvichiri kuwanikwa. Williamson weSociety for the History of Plastics akati: “Vagadziri nevagadziri vachashandisa mapurasitiki mumireniyamu inotevera. Hapana zvinhu zvemhuri zvakaita sepurasitiki zvinobvumira vagadziri nevagadziri kupedzisa zvigadzirwa zvavo pamutengo wakaderera.