Chiumbwa chepurasitiki chipfupiso chechinhu chakabatanidzwa chinoshandiswa pakuumba nekudzvanya, kugadzira zvinhu zvinoburitsa zvinhu, kupinza, kugadzira zvinhu zvinoputika uye kugadzira zvinhu zvine furo shoma. Kuchinja kwakarongeka kwechinhu chinoumba convex ne concave uye sisitimu yekubatsira kugadzira zvinhu zvinogona kugadzirisa zvikamu zvepurasitiki zvakasiyana-siyana uye saizi dzakasiyana. Chiumbwa chepurasitiki ndicho amai veindasitiri, uye zvigadzirwa zvitsva zvino zvinosanganisira mapurasitiki.

Inonyanya kusanganisira chakuvhuvhu chevakadzi chine gomba rinoshanduka-shanduka rine substrate yakasanganiswa yechikadzi, chikamu chechikadzi chefungus nebhodhi remakadhi rakasanganiswa rechikadzi, uye substrate yakasanganiswa yechikuru, chikamu chakasanganiswa chechikuru, bhodhi remakadhi rakasanganiswa rechirume, chikamu chekucheka gomba uye A punch ine core yakasanganiswa ine maplate akachekwa padivi.
Kuti mapurasitiki ashande zvakanaka, zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinobatsira, zvakaita semafiller, maplasticizer, mafuta anosimbisa, madhayi, nezvimwewo, zvinofanirwa kuwedzerwa kupolymer kuti zvive mapurasitiki ane mashandiro akanaka.

1. Synthetic resin ndiyo inonyanya kukosha mumapurasitiki, uye huwandu hwayo mumapurasitiki hunowanzova 40% kusvika 100%. Nekuti huwandu hwayo hwakakura, uye hunhu hweresin hunowanzo sarudza hunhu hwepurasitiki, vanhu vanowanzoona resin seimwe yenzira dzinoreva purasitiki. Semuenzaniso, sanganisa polyvinyl chloride resin nemapurasitiki epolyvinyl chloride, uye phenolic resin nemapurasitiki ephenolic. Kutaura zvazviri, resin nepurasitiki ipfungwa mbiri dzakasiyana. Resin ipolymer isina kugadzirwa isingashandiswi kugadzira mapurasitiki chete, asiwo chinhu chisina kugadzirwa chekuputira, manamati, uye fiber dzekugadzira. Kuwedzera kune chikamu chidiki kwazvo chemapurasitiki ane 100% resin, mapurasitiki mazhinji anoda zvimwe zvinhu kuwedzera kune resin huru yechikamu.

2. Filler Filler inonziwo filler, iyo inogona kuvandudza simba uye kuramba kupisa kwemapurasitiki uye kuderedza mitengo. Semuenzaniso, kuwedzera hupfu hwehuni kune phenolic resin kunogona kuderedza mutengo zvakanyanya, zvichiita kuti phenolic plastic ive imwe yemapurasitiki akachipa, ukuwo ichivandudza zvakanyanya simba remuchina. Fillers dzinogona kukamurwa kuita mhando mbiri: organic fillers uye inorganic fillers, yekutanga yakaita sehuni hupfu, machira, bepa uye machira akasiyana-siyana, uye yekupedzisira yakaita segirazi fiber, diatomaceous earth, asbestos, uye carbon black.

3. Mapurasitiki Mapurasitiki anogona kuwedzera kupfava uye kuchinjika kwemapurasitiki, kuderedza kuputsika, uye kuita kuti mapurasitiki ave nyore kugadzirisa uye kugadzira. Mapurasitiki anowanzo kuve makemikari eorganic anofashaira zvakanyanya anogona kusanganiswa ne resin, asina chepfu, asina hwema, uye akasimba pachiedza nekupisa. Anonyanya kushandiswa ndiwo ma phthalate esters. Semuenzaniso, mukugadzirwa kwemapurasitiki e polyvinyl chloride, kana mapurasitiki akawanda akawedzerwa, mapurasitiki e polyvinyl chloride akapfava anogona kuwanikwa; kana pasina mapurasitiki kana mashoma akawedzerwa (huwandu <10%), mapurasitiki e polyvinyl chloride akaomarara anogona kuwanikwa.

4. Chinosimbisa Kuti resin yakagadzirwa isaora uye isakanganiswe nechiedza nekupisa panguva yekugadzirisa nekushandisa, uye kuti iwedzere hupenyu hwekushanda, chinodzivirira chinofanira kuwedzerwa mupurasitiki. Chinonyanya kushandiswa istearate ne epoxy resin.

5. Zvinodhaya Zvinodhaya zvinogona kuita kuti mapurasitiki ave nemavara akasiyana-siyana akajeka uye akanaka. Madhayi eorganic uye pigments inorganic anowanzoshandiswa sezvinhu zvinodhaya.

6. Mafuta ekuwedzera Basa remafuta ekuwedzera nderekudzivirira kuti purasitiki isanamatira pamould yesimbi panguva yekuumba, uye panguva imwe chete inoita kuti pamusoro pepurasitiki pave pakanaka uye panyoro. Mafuta anoshandiswa kazhinji anosanganisira stearic acid necalcium nemagnesium salts. Kuwedzera kune zvataurwa pamusoro apa, zvinodzora moto, zvinhu zvinofuridza furo, zvinhu zvinodzivirira static, nezvimwewo zvinogona kuwedzerwa mupurasitiki.